The Y chromosome passes only father to son — a paternal molecular clock. A plain-language tour of O1, O2, N, and C/D/F, and how a study of ~18,000 samples redraws East Asian male migration.
Integrating 17,740 modern and 977 ancient Y chromosomes — plus 1,045 newly sequenced individuals — this study builds the highest-resolution East Asian paternal tree to date, linking farming expansions to O-lineage growth and separating inland and coastal routes.
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