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2026年1月21日Paternal Expansions of Millet and Rice Farmers: High-Resolution Y Chromosomes Reveal Demic Diffusion into Mainland Southeast Asia
A team led by He Guanglin at Sichuan University’s Archaeological Science Center reports in Advanced Science a high-resolution reconstruction, based on ancient and modern Y-chromosome genomes, of how Neolithic farming populations expanded southward from China.
The study identifies 138 paternal lineages that diversified during the Neolithic, of which 17 are shared between China and mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA). The authors argue that millet farmers and their Han descendants left a strong imprint on the paternal landscape of South China and mainland Southeast Asia, with later rice-farmer expansions further enriching local genetic structure.
At the paternal level, the findings support a demic-diffusion model for the southward spread of Neolithic farming and Han culture: people moved south along with their crops, rather than ideas traveling alone.
Source: Yun-Hui Liu, Lin-Tao Luo, Yang Jiang et al.; corresponding Guanglin He. Advanced Science, 2026-01-21.
